Sunday, Feb 5th, 2012

Technology — February 11, 2010 4:04 — View Comments

Are 3D TVs Dangerous? Some Experts Say Yes

With Avatar officially becoming the highest grossing film of all time, it seems like 3D’s time has arrived. We’ve written previously about the resurgence of 3D, and in particular about the splash 3D TV’s made at CES this year. All the big boys – Samsung, Sony, Panasonic – are betting that people will want to put a 3D capable television in their home. But is 3d safe?

No, says Mark Pesce. And he would know: he started one of the first virtual reality companies in the early 90′s and worked closely with Sega to develop a virtual reality headset for their Genesis system. Only, that headset was never released, as a result of a study done by SRI that was commissioned by Sega. Pesce says that the study found that a significant percentage of users maintained depth perception issues anywhere from 15 minutes to hours after taking the headset off. This is why Sega never released it.

What does this have to do with 3D movies like Avatar? The method used to create virtual reality in that headset is the same method used to make movies appear 3D. It relies on parallax, or sending slightly different images to each eye to create an illusion of depth. Sounds simple, right? Well, depth perception is actually very complicated. There are a total of 10 depth perception “cues”, and stereopsis (the cue that relies on parallax) is only one. And when you see a 3D movie, the other cues that don’t match up are fighting with your brain, which is why people often feel a little disoriented when the movie ends and they take the glasses off.

Stereoscopic Image

Cross your eyes and try to focus on the image in the middle - that's stereoscopy!

This is all well and good, as long as it is only occasional, says Pesce. This is the effect that 3D fireworks displays and “magic eye” pictures have relied on for years (as well as the image above). The danger, he says, is when you start to be exposed to this effect for hours a day. By putting 3D TV’s in people’s homes, people could unwittingly be damaging their depth perception long term. This is especially a danger for children, who are still developing the neural pathways necessary for depth perception. The disorder, which is called “binocular dysphoria“, can become permanent, he claims.

Stereoscopic image woman

Another stereoscopic image

The thing is, “binocular dysphoria” does not appear to be a recognized medical term, even though Pesce has been warning about it as early as this 1994 Wired article. The American Optometric Association doesn’t recognize it, and the TV manufacturers clearly aren’t concerned because they aren’t doing any testing. But just because it isn’t recognized yet doesn’t mean it’s not a real danger – we don’t have 3D T.V.’s in our houses yet either.

Watching movies in 3D can also “trick” the body into thinking it’s been poisoned because of “sensory conflict”, according to two researchers from St. Peter’s College. Their concept of “sensory conflict” sounds a lot like the problems Pesce describes – the eyes are telling the brain one thing, but other sensory input is telling the brain something else.

Here’s Mark Pesce on Byteside discussing this issue, starting at 43:50:

What do you think? Should we be worried? Should the TV manufacturers conduct further testing?

Related posts:

  1. 3D Glasses Domination
  • Jim Krisvoy

    The majority of people should really have no problem with 3D-TV’s no matter how many hours a day they look at the new sets, although those with existing vision problems may have difficulty to varying degrees. Viewing difficulty in the past with 3D was mainly associated with a number of technical guffaws, such as mis-registered left and right images in dual projected, polarized theatrical presentations, or trouble viewing red/blue (and other variations of anaglyph) on TV, magazines or even on film and/or digital projection. Registration problems were most prevalent in the 50′s, however, many over/under (Single strip 35mm where two images shared one 35mm frame) caused headaches for many due to mismatched or weak light on the screen, framing problems and, for the most part, mediocre filmaking (try JAWS 3D or SPACEHUNTER on for size) and, to a degree, a lack of competence behind the camera.

    FYI, studios like Sony Pictures, as a leading example, are working very hard right now to avoid these pitfalls by training filmakers how to shoot these films properly, something that didnt quite exist in the 50′s and hardly in the 1980′s.

    I also have dealt with a number of 3D head mounted displays in the past and noticed that a number of manufacturers never stopped making them.

    Either way, I doubt that this movement is going to stop and doubt that any legislation will stop it either.

  • http://www.pangyaguide.co.cc Adrian

    I agree with this, 3D TV make our brain broken slowly. It was not recommended for bought this kind of TV in the future. But i dont know about this will exist or not. Because some people thinks, new technology = must buy ( Without looking its negative side ).

  • Spoffo

    There was a short piece in the Science Times section of the NY Times a while ago. They reported that the biggest cause of discomfort or disorientation in 3D movies was the conflict between the distance at which the eyes converge to register a virtual object in 3D (often partway between the screen and the viewer) an the distance at which the eyes are focusing to see sharp detail, which is always at the screen surface no matter where the virtual image is.

    In the real world, of course, the focus distance and the converge distance are always the same, because we’re focussing and converging on a real object somewhere in space.

    If this is indeed a big problem, it should tend to get better over time as the people producing 3D content get away from all the hyper-wow effects and work toward a more subtle, realistic 3D image. The biggest conflict between converge distance and focus distance comes when objects are flying out in front of the screen and into the viewer’s lap. As you get to a more realistic image, where most objects are near the screen surface or behind it, the demands on the eyes and brain will feel more natural.

    You can actually experience some of this today: The 3D trailers for many 3D movies are full of extreme effects that make your eyeballs feel like they’re being pulled out of your head, but then when the feature starts (at least if it’s something well-shot like “Avatar”) the visual experience feels much more natural and easy to take.

  • will houston

    Oh well, on to plan B. Panoramic TV!

  • RREENNEE

    II wwaattcchh iinn 33-dd aanndd II hhaavveenn”tt nnoottiicceedd aannyy pprroobblleemmss.

  • Nana

    I have very little, if any, binocular vision, and the first time I saw a 3D movie, I got so dizzy and nauseous that thought I was going to die! (Cut me some slack; I was only 9.) This could be very bad for people who don’t know that they have depth perception problems.

  • Steve

    I just spent 7 hours in the hospital ER after watching a couple of scenes from “Monsters vs Aliens” on a 3D set. I had to call 911 for an ambulance because I was vomiting uncontrollably and barely able to sit up.

    There is no way in HELL these things are safe. Just because you’ve tried it and suffered no apparent ill-effects in no way proves you’re immune to them. I consider myself a “canary in the coal mine”. Learn from my horrific experience and don’t risk bringing on a similar nightmare yourself.

  • http://pmanewsline.com/2010/06/07/technology-developer-warns-3d-tv-may-cause-permanent-vision-damage/ Technology developer warns 3D TV may cause permanent vision damage :

    [...] Pesce is working to spread the word about dangers he says are largely being ignored by consumer electronics makers (although a recent PMA Newsline [...]

  • raj

    Who are you gonna believe? People posting here saying the “majority of people wont have a problem” or a technically qualified Expert? This just the movie industry trying again to make people buy everything over again but this time “on 3d”!! haha and most suckers will fall for it just to have bragging rights – just like DVD, when it arrived. Talk to me when they make a holodeck. Until then 3d is just a gimmick, an UNSAFE one at that.

  • http://forums.mactalk.com.au/23/88436-3d-tv-anyone-got-one.html#post1003577 3d tv – anyone got one – MacTalk Forums

    [...] that seeing different 'depth' at the same focus distance will screw your eyes after a while. Bespeckled – The Dangers of 3D: Are 3D TVs dangerous to have in the home? __________________ flickr : redbubble : Twitter Blog Good manners sometimes means simply [...]

  • http://www.justeyewear.com/blog/technology/3d-game-sans-glasses/ Bespeckled – 3D Game Sans Glasses

    [...] Nintendo will launch a super cool, 3D-inspired (without the glasses!) DSi game Rittai Kakushi E Attakoreda. Check out the clip below (props to Joseph Hayden’s [...]

  • http://www.photonicslab.org Daisy Jackson

    i love binoculars that are made by Bushnell, they are really very high quality`’:

  • Hydraxan14

    I use 3D anaglyph glasses (red/cyan) on occasion when I play computer games. I have suffered no ill effects. I keep the time I play below 2 hours. Since some people have problems with this, and others do not, the 3D industry should not be shut down. 3D games and movies and the like should have warnings that some people have adverse reaction to 3D. For an example, look at the photosensitive seizure warnings in computer game manuals.

  • Chrisedalgo87

    God is in the T.V.

  • 3d LED TV

    3D glasses drop sharply in price. In addition to the much lower whole-set price, the 3D TV also come with a more reasonable price for 3D glasses – reduce from hundreds of dollars to several dollars. For a family of three, less than one hundred dollars could cover all the supporting facilities previously worth 400-500 dollars.

  • Jenniferaf3

    ever see those new 3d cameras? that dont require any glasses? I tried to look at the screen of one I totally felt eyestrain and it felt like I was going cross-eyed and now theyre trying to make tvs require no glasses? NO THANKS! ill stick to non 3d devices.

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